ÿþ<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust - Projects - Longer reports - Prehistoric Funerary & Ritual Sites </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BACKGROUND="../../../white.gif" LINK="3956BB" VLINK="gray" ALINK="F79431"> <TABLE WIDTH="100%"> <TR> <TD BACKGROUND="../../../green.gif" WIDTH="175" VALIGN="top"> <CENTER> <IMG SRC="../../../logo.gif" WIDTH="130" HEIGHT="159" ALT="CPAT logo" VSPACE="10"> <HR WIDTH="80%"> <STRONG> Cymraeg / <A HREF="pfr.htm">English</A> </STRONG> <HR WIDTH="80%"> <TABLE> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="../../../leftart.gif" ALIGN="left"> </TD> <TD> <STRONG><A HREF="../../../w_index.htm">Adref Eto</A></STRONG> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="../../../leftart.gif" ALIGN="left"> </TD> <TD> <STRONG><A HREF="../w_longer.htm">Mynegai prosiectau</A></STRONG> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="../../../rightart.gif" ALIGN="left"> </TD> <TD> <STRONG><A HREF="pfrne/w_pfrne.htm">Safleoedd yn Gogledd Ddwyrain Cymru</A></STRONG> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="../../../rightart.gif" ALIGN="left"> </TD> <TD> <STRONG><A HREF="pfrmont/w_pfrmon.htm">Safleoedd yn <BR>Sir Drefaldwyn</A></STRONG> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="../../../rightart.gif" ALIGN="left"> </TD> <TD> <STRONG><A HREF="pfrrad/w_pfrrad.htm">Safleoedd yn <BR>Sir Faesyfed</A></STRONG> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="../../../rightart.gif" ALIGN="left"> </TD> <TD> <STRONG><A HREF="pfrbrec/w_pfrbre.htm">Safleoedd yn <BR>Sir Frycheiniog</A></STRONG> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> </TD> <TD> <IMG SRC="../../../giftrans.gif" WIDTH="5"> </TD> <TD> <H1>Cyflwyno Safleoedd angladdol a defodol cynhanesyddol</H1> <H2>Blaengarredd newydd a luniwyd i enwi a diogelu henebion cynhanesyddol Cymru</H2> <HR> <H2>Henebion yn y dirwedd</H2> <P> Mae r dirwedd Gymreig yn gyforiog o olion y gorffennol, yn enwedig o domenni claddu, cylchoedd cerrig, meini hirion a beddrodau siambr y cyfnod cynhanesyddol cynharach. Fel rhan o r fenter newydd, y gobaith yw ymweld â phob safle hysbys yng Nghymru dros yr ychydig flynyddoedd nesaf, a mynd ati i sicrhau eu bod yn cael eu cadw n barhaol, gyda chymorth tirfeddianwyr a thenantiaid. <TABLE ALIGN="right"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="250"> <P><IMG SRC="cs976605.jpg" ALIGN="right" WIDTH="250" HSPACE="10" VSPACE="5" ALT="cs976605.jpg"> <CENTER> <EM></EM> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <H2>Pryd adeiladwyd hwy?</H2> Codwyd y safleoedd y mae'r astudiaeth yn ymwneud â hwy dros gyfnod o dair mil o flynyddoedd, rhwng 4000 a 1000 CC. Dyma gyfnod maith a dramatig yn hanes dyn o gamau cyntaf grwpiau o helwyr-gasglwyr tuag at economi amaethyddol sefydlog hyd at gyfnod o newid technolegol cyflym a oedd yn cyd-daro â dyfodiad pendefigaeth rymus o ryfelwyr, mabwysiadu iaith Geltaidd a datblygu cysylltiadau masnachu pellter hir ledled Ewrop. Nid yw n syndod bod amrywiaeth eang o henebion claddu a henebion defodol wedi dod i r amlwg yn ystod y cyfnod hwn, oherwydd y newidiadau yng nghredoau crefyddol a threfniant cymdeithasol y bobl. <P> Siambrau cerrig neu bren wedi u gosod mewn naill ai tomenni hirion neu domenni crynion oedd yr henebion claddu cynharaf, a defnyddiwyd hwy i gladdu grwpiau teuluol. Roedd rhodfeydd defodol hirion a llociau eang â ffosydd o u hamgylch ymhlith mathau eraill o henebion cynnar. Yn ddiweddarach, gwelwyd claddiadau sengl dan domenni crwn o bridd neu o gerrig, cynnydd cyffredinol yn yr arferiad o gorfflosgi, a henebion defodol megis cylchoedd cerrig a choed, meini hirion a rhesi o feini. <P> Erys diben llawer o r safleoedd hyn yn ddirgelwch, er i rai ohonynt, er enghraifft Côr y Cewri, gael eu defnyddio i ragfynegi'r tymhorau. Parhaodd cryn nifer o'r henebion yn ganolbwynt gweithgareddau claddu a defodol am filoedd o flynyddoedd ar ôl eu hadeiladu, ac mae rhai wedi goroesi hyd heddiw yn dirnodau amlwg. <P> <TABLE ALIGN="left"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="250"> <P><IMG SRC="cs910093.jpg" ALIGN="left" WIDTH="250" HSPACE="10" VSPACE="5" ALT="cs910093.jpg"> <CENTER> <EM></EM> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <H2>Beth all y rhain ei ddweud wrthym am y gorffennol?</H2> Safleoedd claddu a defodol cynhanesyddol cynnar yw r hynaf o'r henebion hyn, ac yn aml, hwy yw'r mwyaf enigmatig yn y dirwedd, ac mae pob safle yn cynrychioli 'capsiwl amser' sy n perthyn i'r fan a'r adeg benodol y codwyd yr heneb dan sylw. <P> Gall arteffactau sydd wedi u claddu ddweud wrthym pryd y codwyd y safle, a gall hefyd roi gwybodaeth inni am sgiliau ac adnoddau'r adeiladwyr. Dywed olion sgerbydol wrthym pa mor hir y mae pobl wedi byw, pa mor faethlon oedd eu bwyd, a pha afiechydon oedd yn effeithio arnynt. Gall ffurf y safleoedd eu hunain ddweud wrthym am eu credoau crefyddol ac am strwythur y gymdeithas. Ceidw r rhan fwyaf o r safleoedd hefyd dystiolaeth ynglwn â r dirwedd y codwyd hwy ynddi, efallai o fewn llennyrch coediog, ar rostir agored, neu ar ffiniau rhwng caeau. <P> Mae gosodiad yr henebion yn arwyddocaol, gan fod eu hadeiladwyr wedi dewis y safleoedd yn ofalus. Mae'n ymddangos bod rhai ohonynt wedi'u gosod mewn mannau disylw, ond eto maent yn tremio dros olygfa eang. Codwyd eraill ar ben mynyddoedd mewn mannau amlwg, a gellid eu gweld o bell. <H2>Goroesi a Dinistrio</H2> Bydd llawer o henebion yn parhau i oroesi fel nodweddion amlwg yn y dirwedd, filoedd o flynyddoedd wedi iddynt gael eu codi. Hyd yn oed heddiw, bydd rhai ohonynt yn cynorthwyo i nodi lleoliad ffiniau sirol neu gymunedol. Mae llawer o safleoedd eraill wedi u difrodi n ddifrifol neu wedi diflannu n llwyr. Mae ambell fath o safle wedi i aredig nes ei fod yn wastad, ac nid oes modd eu hadnabod ond o'r awyr, a hynny oherwydd y gwahaniaeth yn y modd y mae'r cnydau'n tyfu. <TABLE ALIGN="right"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="250"> <P><IMG SRC="86c0117.jpg" ALIGN="left" WIDTH="250" HSPACE="10" VSPACE="5" ALT="86c0117.jpg"> <CENTER> <EM></EM> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> Prif nodau'r fenter bresennol yw yn gyntaf, cofnodi pa henebion sydd wedi goroesi, ac yn ail, ceisio sicrhau bod modd eu cadw er mwynhad cenedlaethau r dyfodol. <H2>Yr hyn sy n achosi difrod safleoedd</H2> Mae sawl safle wedi i ddifrodi neu'i ddinistrio yn y gorffennol, yn anfwriadol yn aml, oherwydd aredig ac ailhadu, plannu coed, gwella porfa a chlirio cerrig, gosod llwybrau troed, datblygiadau adeiladu a ffyrdd. Erbyn hyn, cafwyd gweithredu i sicrhau bod cymaint o safleoedd â phosibl yn cael eu cadw at y dyfodol. <P> <TABLE ALIGN="left"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="250"> <P><IMG SRC="cs992006.jpg" ALIGN="left" WIDTH="250" HSPACE="10" VSPACE="5" ALT="cs992006.jpg"> <CENTER> <EM></EM> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <H2>Deddfwriaeth Allweddol a Chanllawiau Cynllunio</H2> <P> <EM>Deddf Henebion ac Ardaloedd Archaeolegol 1979.</EM> Mae henebion sydd o bwys cenedlaethol yn cael eu cynnwys ar  restr y mae Cadw yn gyfrifol amdani. Gydag eithriadau prin, mae angen caniatâd y Cynulliad Cenedlaethol, trwy Cadw, ar gyfer unrhyw waith ar henebion rhestredig. <P> <EM>Mae Cyfarwyddyd Cynllunio (Cymru)</EM>, a Chylchlythyr y Swyddfa Gymreig 60/96 <EM>Cynllunio a r Amgylchedd Hanesyddol</EM> yn egluro r meini prawf ar gyfer rhestru, ac yn argymell gweithdrefnau ar gyfer asesu, gwerthuso, cadw a lliniaru. <P> <EM>Mae cynlluniau datblygu</EM> pob ardal llywodraeth leol a pharc cenedlaethol yn cynnwys polisïau i amddiffyn archeoleg, adeiladau hanesyddol a thirweddau hanesyddol. <BR> <H2>Adroddiadau ar arolygon o ardaloedd</H2> <P><IMG SRC="pfrareas.jpg" ALIGN = "RIGHT" USEMAP="#map" ISMAP> <P> <P>Dros yr ychydig flynyddoedd nesaf, fe fydd yr arolwg yn cwmpasu ardal gyfan Clwyd Powys. Ar hyn o bryd, dim ond ar gyfer safleoedd yn y mannau canlynol y bydd modd cael rhagor o wybodaeth am yr arolwg: <P> <STRONG><A HREF="pfrne/w_pfrne.htm">Gogledd Ddwyrain Cymru</A></STRONG> <BR><STRONG><A HREF="pfrmont/w_pfrmon.htm">Sir Drefaldwyn </A></STRONG> <BR><STRONG><A HREF="pfrrad/w_pfrrad.htm">Sir Faesyfed</A></STRONG> <BR><STRONG><A HREF="../../../sorry.htm">Sir Frycheiniog</A></STRONG> <MAP NAME = "map"> <AREA SHAPE="polygon" COORDS="167,196,167,196,167,194,166,194,167,193,167,192,166,192,166,191,167,191,167,182,168,182,168,181,171,181,172,210,173,210,173,209,172,209,171,208,170,208,170,207,169,207,169,206,168,206,169,205,169,203,168,203,168,202,167,202,167,201,166,201,166,200,167,200,167,196" HREF = "../../../sorry.htm" ALT = "Safleoedd yn Sir Frycheiniog"> <AREA SHAPE="polygon" 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