Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust - Projects - Longer reports

Agriculture and Subsistence

Hen Domen castle, field system, Montgomery, Powys

Area of ridge and furrow beneath motte and bailey excavation. Pre-conquest field system (CPAT SMR PRN 50100)

Excavation Barker, PA / 1967(/ /) -

Barker, P A, 1968; Barker, P A, 1969; Barker, P A, 1969; Barker, P A & Lawson, J, 1971; Britnell, W J, Martin, C H R & Hankinson, R, 2000; Thomas, D, 1998; Wilson, D M & Moorhouse, S, 1971;

Domestic

Cwrt Llechrhyd, Llanelwedd, Powys

Quadrangular moat with Early Medieval C14 date between AD750 and AD1040. (CPAT SMR PRN 1605)

Excavation CPAT / 1983(/ /) -

Evaluation GGAT / 1995(/ /) -

Excavation GGAT / 1995(/ /) -

Burnham, H, 1995; Cadw, 1997; Musson, C R, 1983; Musson, C R & Spurgeon, C J, 1988; Owen, W G, 1993; Owen, W G, 1995; Owen, W G, 1995; RCAHM, 1913; Silvester, R J, 1994; Thomas, D, 1995; Williams, J, 1858;

Dinorben hillfort, Abergele, Conwy

Evidence for Early Medieval occupation of hillfort (CPAT SMR PRN 102004)

Excavation Gardner, W / 1912-22

Excavation Savory, H N / 1965-9

Excavation CPAT / 1983

Alcock, L, 1963; Brassil, K S,; Brassil, K S, 1983; Brassil, K S, 1983; Brassil, K S, 1984; Brassil, K S, 1984; Cadw, 1997; Davies, J, 1999; Davies, W, 1982; Fenton, R, 1917; Gardner, W, 1912; Gardner, W, 1912; Gardner, W, 1913; Gardner, W, 1913; Gardner, W, 1915; Gardner, W, 1920; Gardner, W, 1921; Gardner, W, 1923; Gardner, W, 1923; Gardner, W, 1926; Gardner, W, 1927; Gardner, W, 1947; Guilbert, G, 1979; Guilbert, G, 1981; Guilbert, G C, 1977; Guilbert, G C, 1978; Guilbert, G C, 1979; Guilbert, G C, 1979; Guilbert, G C, 1979; Guilbert, G C, 1979; Guilbert, G C, 1980; Guilbert, G C, 1981; Hughes, G, 1994; Lhuyd, E, 1699; Megaw, J V S, Megaw, M R & Trett, R, 1992; Pennant, T, 1883; RCAHM, 1914; Savory, H N, 1957; Savory, H N, 1957; Savory, H N, 1958; Savory, H N, 1959; Savory, H N, 1961; Savory, H N, 1965; Savory, H N, 1967; Savory, H N, 1969; Savory, H N, 1970; Savory, H N, 1971; Savory, H N, 1971; Savory, H N, 1976; Savory, H N, 1976; Savory, H N, 1980; Silvester, R J & Brassil, K S, 1991; Unknown, 1949;

Dyffryn Lane 'houses', Berriew, Powys

A pair of 'boat shaped house' cropmarks. Inconclusive excavations of 1983 but very similar to early medieval building footprint. (CPAT SMR PRN 5928)

Excavation Arnold, CJ & Reilly / 1983(/ /) -

Arnold, J A, Reilly, P & Arnold, C, 1983; Gibson, A, 1995; Reilly, P J, Arnold, J A & Arnold,C, 1983; Thomas, D, 1998;

Forden Gaer, ailsed hall, Powys

Double post alignment, formerly though to be prehistoric, but revealed by excavation to be post roman aisled building (CPAT SMR PRN 4086)

Excavation CPAT / 1987(/ /) -

Blockley, K, 1987; Blockley, K, Owen, G & Owen, W, 1990; Britnell, W J, Martin, C H R & Hankinson, R, 2000; Crew, P, 1980; Thomas, D, 1998;

Hen Domen castle, building, Montgomery, Powys

Foundation of building 6.7 metres by 4.5 metres sealed by pre conquest ridge and furrow under castle rampart. (CPAT SMR PRN 50099)

Excavation Unknown / 1960ff(/ /) -

Barker, P A, 1969; Barker, P A, 1969; Barker, P A, 1970; Barker, P A, 1970; Barker, P A, 1971; Barker, P A & Higham, R, 1982; Barker, P A & Lawson, J, 1971; Britnell, W J, Martin, C H R & Hankinson, R, 2000; Higham, R & Barker, P, 2000; James, S, Marshall, A & Millett, M, 1984;

Llangors Crannog, Powys

Crannog of small stones revetted with piles and planks Historical association with the kings of Brycheiniog in the 8th century: In AD916 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the destruction of Brecananmere. Partial excavations in 1868 by Dumbleton yielded finds of animals bones, pottery, leather, bronze and a rubbing stone (all of which are now lost), extensive excavation University of Wales, Cardiff and National Museum of Wales dated to crannog to the 9th century AD with dendro date of AD859.

Excavation Dumbleton, E N / 1868-70(/ /) -

Excavation NMW/UoW / 1987-93(/ /) -

Burnham, H, 1995; Campbell, E, Lane, A & Redknap, M, 1990; Davies, J, 1999; Dumbleton, E N, 1870; Fox, C, 1926; Gaimster, D R M, Margeson, S & Barry, T, 1989; Gaimster, D R M, Margeson, S & Hurley, M, 1990; Lane, A & Campbell, E, 1988; Nenk, B S, Margeson, S & Hurley, M, 1991; Nenk, B S, Margeson, S & Hurley, M, 1992; Nenk, B S, Margeson, S & Hurley, M, 1993; RCAHMW, 1997; Redknap, M, 1991; Redknap, M, 1992; Redknap, M, 1993; Redknap, M, 2000; Redknap, M & Lane, A, 1994; Redknap, M, Campbell, E & Lane, A, 1989; Rees, S E, 1997; Sims-Williams, P, 1993; Thomas, C, 1994;

Monument (by form)

Offa's Dyke - Ffridd Road, Knighton , Powys

Section of dyke excavated 1976 showed bank to be of simple dump construction topped by progressively coarser material derived from ditch. (CPAT SMR PRN 17233)

Excavation CPAT / 1976(/ /) -

Allen, D , 1988 ; Silvester, R J , 1994 ;

Offa's Dyke - New Cut Argae, Llandrinio , Powys

Section through Offa's Dyke revealed during Argae rebuilding works by the NRA. C14 date of 52060BP

(Beta 96093) was obtained from a wood sample from the ditch fill. Environmental analysis indicated widespread oak and hazel forest in the vicinity of the catchment of the river Severn with a lesser component including heathers and herb pollen (CPAT SMR PRN 33874)

Excavation EAS / 1996(01/03/96) -

Brooks, I P , 1997 ; Engineering Archaeological Services Ltd , 1996 ; Engineering Archaeological Services Ltd , 1996 ;

Religious, Ritual and Funerary

Four Crosses Barrow Cemetery, site 2, Llandysilio, Powys

Remains of iron javelin and iron spearhead originally set upright in bronze age barrow. Probably C6th or C7th. Inserted inhumation opposite may be of similar date (CPAT SMR PRN 50528)

Excavation CPAT / 1984(/ /) -

Barford, P M, Owen, W G & Britnell, W J, 1986; Warrilow, W, Owen, G & Britnell, W, 1986;

Pennant Melangell Church, Llangynog, Powys

Evidence for pre-church activity includes a ditch running beneath the church and several early graves. 6th/8th century bead. C14 dates (CPAT SMR PRN 50678)

Britnell, B, 1990; Britnell, W J, 1994; Nenk, B S, Margeson, S & Hurley, M, 1991;

Tandderwen Cropmark Complex, Denbigh, Denbighshire

Series of square plan cropmark ditches shown to be early medieval barrow cemetery on excavation. C6th. C14 dates. Overlies bronze age cemetery

(CPAT SMR PRN 101905)

Excavation CPAT / 1987(/ /) -

Excavation CPAT / 1988(/ /) -

Brassil, K, 1985; Brassil, K, 1991; Brassil, K & Owen, W G, 1987; Brassil, K & Owen, W G, 1988; Brassil, K S & Meredith, P J, 1986; Brassil, K S & Meredith, P J, 1986; Brassil, K S, Owen, W G & Britnell, W J, 1991; Denison, S, 1999; Longley, D & Richards, A, 1999; Owen, W G, 1992;

Trelystan Round Barrows (Early Christian burials), Trewern, Powys

Five adult and two child inhumation graves (on eastern side of barrow I). No firm dating evidence but probably Early Christian (CPAT SMR PRN 50646)

Excavation CPAT / 1979(/ /) -

Britnell, W, 1982;

Alcock, L, 1963, 'Pottery and settlements in Wales and the Marches AD400-700', in Foster, I & Alcock, L, Culture and Environment , 281-302.

Alcock, L, 1971, Arthur's Britain.

Allcroft, A H, 1923, 'The circle and the cross', Archaeological Journal 80, 115-290.

Allen, D, 1988, 'Excavations on Offa's Dyke, Ffrydd Road, Knighton, Powys, 1976', Transactions of the Radnorshire Society 58, 7-10.

Anon, 1813, Cambrian Travel Guide, 965.

Anon, 1873, The parish of Llanfechain, 6, 203-84.

Anon, 1884, 'An Account of Bronze Implements Found Near Brecon', Archaeologia Cambrensis 3, 225-7.

Anon, 1884, 'Gwynyndy Cistfaen, Near Garthbeibio, Montgomeryshire', Archaeologia Cambrensis 1, 245-6.

Anon, 1884, 'Oswestry, Ancient and Modern, and its Local Families', Archaeologia Cambrensis 1, 193-224.

Anon, 1884, 'Report of Meeting', Archaoelogia Cambrensis 1, 324-351.

Anon, 1912, 'Researches abd Itinrries during Season1912', Welshpool Field Club 30-4.

Anon, 1987, 'Capel Sant Mordeyrn, Nantglyn, Denbigh', Archaeology in Wales 27, 58.

Anon, 1992, 'Bangor Monastery: Deductions and Assumptions', Bangor-on-Dee local History Society 3, 9-23.

Arnold, C J, 1991, 'Excavation Of Offa's Dyke, Chirk Castle', Denbighshire Historical Society Transactions 40, 93-7.

Arnold, C J, 1992, Excavation of Offa's Dyke, Chirk Castle, Clwyd, MSS.

Arnold, C J & Huggett, J W, 1986, 'Mathrafal Powys: A Reassessment', The Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 33, 436-51.

Arnold, J A, Reilly, P & Arnold, C, 1983, 'Berriew, Dyffryn Lane', Archaeology in Wales 23, 66.

Bagnall, S, 2000, 'Ancient theory goes to the wall', Daily Post 1, 3.

Bapty, I, 1999, 'Offa's Dyke Project', Historic Environment Today 2.4, 3.

Barford, P M, Owen, W G & Britnell, W J, 1986, 'Iron spearhead and javelin from Four Crosses, Llansysilio, Powys', Medieval Archaeology 30, 103-106.

Barker, P A, 1968, 'Hen Domen', Archaeology in Wales 8, 25.

Barker, P A, 1969, 'Excavations at Hen Domen', Archaeological Journal 126, 177-8.

Barker, P A, 1969, 'Hen Domen', Archaeology in Wales 9, 27.

Barker, P A, 1969, 'Some aspects of the excavation of timber buildings', World Archaeology 1, 220.

Barker, P A, 1970, 'Excavations at Hen Domen, 1970', Archaeological Journal 127, 222-3.

Barker, P A, 1970, 'Hen Domen', Medieval Archaeology 14, 165.

Barker, P A, 1971, 'Hen Domen', Medieval Archaeology 15, 137.

Barker, P A & Higham, R, 1982, Hen Domen, Montgomery, I, The Royal Archaeological Inst, London.

Barker, P A & Lawson, J, 1971, 'A pre-Norman field system at Hen Domen, Montgomery', Medieval Archaeology 15, 58-72.

Barnwell, E L, 1874, 'Bronze thuribles in Wales', Archaeologia Cambrensis 5, 159-60.

Barring-Gould, S & Fisher, J, 1913, The Lives of the British Saints, 4, Soc. of Cymmrodorion, London.

Barton, P G, 1996, 'The Windmill of the Abbey of Strata Marcella', Montgomeryshire Collections 84, 61-66.

Bede, 1955, The ecclesiastical history of the English nation.

Bird Allen, W, 1917, 'The Llywel stone', Archaeologia Cambrensis 159-63.

Blockley, K, 1987, 'Forden Gaer', Archaeology in Wales 27, 53.

Blockley, K, Owen, G & Owen, W, 1990, 'Excavations in the vicinity of Forden Gaer Roman Fort, Powys, 1987', Montgomeryshire Collections 78, 17-46.

Bowen, E G & Gresham, C A, 1967, History of Merioneth, 1.

Boyd-Dawkins, 1873, 'On some human bones found at Buttington, Montgomeryshire', Montgomeryshire Collections 6, 141-5.

Brassil, K, 1987, Upland Survey: Caersws-Llanbrynmair, CPAT report 4, August 1987.

Brassil, K, 1991, 'Tandderwen, Denbigh', Archaeology in Wales 31, 17-18.

Brassil, K & Owen, W G, 1987, 'Tandderwen, Denbigh', Archaeology in Wales 27, 58.

Brassil, K & Owen, W G, 1988, 'Tandderwen, Denbigh', Archaeology in Wales 28, 51.

Brassil, K S, 1984, 'Rhuddlan', Archaeology in Wales 24, 65-6.

Brassil, K S & Meredith, P J, 1986, 'Prehistoric burial sites in Dyffryn Clwyd', Archaeology in Clwyd 8, 2.

Brassil, K S & Meredith, P J, 1986, 'Square-plan Ditches: Dark Age Graves At Tandderwen, Denbigh, Clwyd', Archaeology in Wales 26, 21-2.

Brassil, K S, Owen, W G & Britnell, W J, 1991, 'Prehistoric and Early Medieval Cemeteries at Tandderwen, near Denbigh, Clwyd', Archaeological Journal 148, 46-97.

Breeze, A, 2000, 'The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 893 and Buttington', Sayce Papers 6, 47-50.

Brewer, R J, 1982, 'Cae-Bardd Farm, Guilsfield', Archaeology in Wales 22, 28-9.

Briggs, C S & Murphey, K, 1984, 30.

Britnell, B, 1990, 'Pennant Melangell, Llangynog', Archaeology in Wales 30, 69.

Britnell, W, 1982, 'The excavation of two round barrows at Trelystan, Powys', Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 48, 133-201.

Britnell, W J, 1994, 'Excavation and Recording at Pennant Melangell Church', Montgomeryshire Collections 82, 41-102.

Burnham, H, 1998, Offa's Dyke in Montgomeryshire. A management plan for the Scheduled Ancient Monument, 1, Unpublished.

Burnham, H, 1998, Offa's Dyke in Montgomeryshire. A management plan for the Scheduled Ancient Monument, 2, Unpublished.

Burnham, H, 1995, A Guide to Ancient and Historic Wales: Clwyd and Powys, Cadw, London.

Burnham, H, 1992, Offa's and Wat's Dykes within Wales, Cadw.

Burnham, H, 1997, Offa's Dyke in Radnorshire. A management plan for the Scheduled Ancient Monument, 2, Unpublished.

Burnham, H, 1997, Offa's Dyke in Radnorshire. A management plan for the Scheduled Ancient Monument, 1, Unpublished.

Burnham, H, 1998, Offa's Dyke in Montgomeryshire. A management plan for the Scheduled Ancient Monument, 3, Unpublished.

Burnham, H, 1998, Offa's Dyke in Montgomeryshire. A management plan for the Scheduled Ancient Monument, 4, Unpublished.

Burnham, H, 1998, Offa's Dyke in Montgomeryshire. A management plan for the Scheduled Ancient Monument, 5, Unpublished.

Burton, J & Dearden, B, 1981, 'A rescue excavation on Wat's dyke, Mynydd Isa, with a limekiln set into the dyke', Archaeology in Clwyd 4, 16-17.

Butler, D, 1989, 'Whitford Dyke, Coed y Cornel Cae', Archaeology in Wales 29, 59-61.

Butler, L & Graham-Campbell, J, 1990, 'A lost reliquary casket from Gwytherin, North Wales', The Antiquaries Journal LXX.1, 40-8.

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CPAT, Mining Landscapes of north-east Wales, CPAT report .

Cambrian Archaeological Association, 1936, 'Report of the 90th Annual Meeting', Archaeologia Cambrensis 342-391.

Cambrian Archaeological Projects Limited, 1998, Forest Enterprise Welsh Heritage Assets Project, Archaeological Survey Phase III, Contract 6, Clocaenog/Cynwyd/Ceiriog/Mathrafal/Ceri, CAP report 67.

Campbell, E, Lane, A & Redknap, M, 1990, 'Llangorse crannog', Archaeology in Wales 30, 62-3.

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Chiu, S, 1999, Llangasty, Llangors Lake, Powys, South-east Wales, Unpublished, Bristol Uni..

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Cookson, A, 1979, 'Llanrhaedr-ym-Mochnant', Archaeology in Wales 19, 45.

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Crampton, C B, 1967, 'Ancient Settlement Patterns in Mid-Wales', Archaeologia Cambrensis 116, 63-5.

Crew, P, 1980, 'Forden Gaer, Montgomery', The Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 28, 730-42.

Davies, A S, 1937, 'Notes On The Roman Coins From Montgomershire', The Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 8, 99-100.

Davies, E, 1929, The Prehistoric and Roman remains of Denbighshire, Cardiff.

Davies, E, 1949, Prehistoric and Roman Remains of Flint, Cardiff.

Davies, E, 1953, 'Whitford Church', Flintshire Historical Society Journal 13, 34-50.

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Davies, J R, 1997, 'Church, property and conflict in Wales, AD 600-1100', Welsh History Review 18.3, 387-406.

Davies, M & Lloyd, G, 1957, 'Northop Church', Flintshire Historical Society Journal 17, 100-4.

Davies, W, 1979, The Llandaff Charters, National Library of Wales.

Davies, W, 1982, Wales in the Early Middle Ages.

Dawson, M L, 1924, 'Inscribed stone, Llanfeonfel churchyard, Breconshire', Archaeologia Cambrensis 79, 413.

Denison, S, 1999, 'Christian graves around 'adapted' barrows', British Archaeology 47, 5.

Denison, S, 1999, 'Dyke Redated', British Archaeology 49, 4.

Dodd, L J & Walker, W S, 1998, The former Mynydd Isa Garden Centre, Flintshire. An archaeological watching brief during redevelopment, EAS report E264.

Dumbleton, E N, 1870, 'Llangorse crannog', Archaeologia Cambrensis 1, 192-5.

Edwards, I, 1987, 'Gazetteer Of Clayworks In The Ruabon And Wrexham Districts', Denbighshire Historical Society Transactions 36, 47-83.

Edwards, N, 1999, 'Viking-influenced sculpture in north Wales', Church Archaeology 3, 5-16.

Edwards, N & Hulse, T G, 1997, 'Gwytherin', Archaeology in Wales 37, 87-8.

Edwards, N & Hulse, T G, 1992, 'A fragment of a reliquary casket from Gwytherin, North Wales', The Antiquaries Journal 72, 91-101.

Edwards, N & Manley, J, 1991, 'Gwytherin', Archaeology in Wales 31, 41-2.

Edwards, T, 1886, Henafiaethan Caerwys.

Engineering Archaeological Services Ltd, 1996, New Cut Argae, Rhyd Esgyn Archaeological Investigations March 1996.

Engineering Archaeological Services Ltd, 1996, New Cut Argae, Rhyd Esgyn Section through Offa's Dyke 1996.

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Evans, D H, 1995, Valle Crucis Abbey, Cadw, Cardiff.

Evans, T H, 1874, 'History of the parish of Llanwyddyn', Montgomeryshire Collections 7, 65-115.

Evans, T H, 1880, 'A parochial history of Hirnant', Montgomeryshire Collections 13, 45-96.

Fenn, R W D & Sinclair, J B, 1990, 'The Christian Origins Of Montgomeryshire: An Interpretation', Montgomeryshire Collections 78, 47-64.

Ferns, J L, 1985, 'The Dykes, three big errors in history books', The Historian 13-14.

Figgis, N P, 1995, Dead Men's Boats. The Early Medieval Canoe from Llangors and the sunken dug-outs of Wales and the Marches, Atelier Productions.

Fox, C, 1926, 'Crafts in England and Wales', The Antiquaries Journal 6, 122-151.

Fox, C, 1928, 'Offa's Dyke Field Survey', Archaeologia Cambrensis 83, 93-?.

Fox, C, 1940, 'Re-erectioin of Maen Madoc, Ystradfellte, Brecon', Archaeologia Cambrensis 95, 210-16.

Fox, C, 1955, Offa's Dyke, The British Academy, London.

Fraser, D J & Bevan Evans, M, 1957, 'A section through Wat's dyke near Middle Hill, Northop', Flintshire Historical Society Journal 17, 91-4.

Frost, P, 1995, Clwyd Small Enclosures Rapid Survey: project report, CPAT report 127, February 1995.

Frost, P, 1997, Llandyrnog Water Mains Refurbishment, Denbighshire: archaeological assessment, CPAT report 215, January 1997.

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Gelling, M, 1983, Offa's Dyke Reviewed by Frank Noble, BAR, Oxford.

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Grenter, S, 1985, 'Pen-y-parc, Whitford', Archaeology in Wales 25, 37.

Grenter, S, 1987, 'Bryn Offa, Johnstown', Archaeology in Wales 27, 57.

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A Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales

A Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales