A Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales

East and Northeast Wales – Early Medieval, key sites

22/12/2003

Agriculture and Subsistence

Hen Domen castle, field system, Montgomery, Powys

Area of ridge and furrow beneath motte and bailey excavation. Pre-conquest field system (CPAT SMR PRN 50100)

Excavation Barker, PA / 1967(/ /) -

Barker, P A, 1968; Barker, P A, 1969; Barker, P A, 1969; Barker, P A & Lawson, J, 1971; Britnell, W J, Martin, C H R & Hankinson, R, 2000; Thomas, D, 1998; Wilson, D M & Moorhouse, S, 1971;

Domestic

Cwrt Llechrhyd, Llanelwedd, Powys

Quadrangular moat with Early Medieval C14 date between AD750 and AD1040. (CPAT SMR PRN 1605)

Excavation CPAT / 1983(/ /) -

Evaluation GGAT / 1995(/ /) -

Excavation GGAT / 1995(/ /) -

Burnham, H, 1995; Cadw, 1997; Musson, C R, 1983; Musson, C R & Spurgeon, C J, 1988; Owen, W G, 1993; Owen, W G, 1995; Owen, W G, 1995; RCAHM, 1913; Silvester, R J, 1994; Thomas, D, 1995; Williams, J, 1858;

Dinorben hillfort, Abergele, Conwy

Evidence for Early Medieval occupation of hillfort (CPAT SMR PRN 102004)

Excavation Gardner, W / 1912-22

Excavation Savory, H N / 1965-9

Excavation CPAT / 1983

Alcock, L, 1963; Brassil, K S,; Brassil, K S, 1983; Brassil, K S, 1983; Brassil, K S, 1984; Brassil, K S, 1984; Cadw, 1997; Davies, J, 1999; Davies, W, 1982; Fenton, R, 1917; Gardner, W, 1912; Gardner, W, 1912; Gardner, W, 1913; Gardner, W, 1913; Gardner, W, 1915; Gardner, W, 1920; Gardner, W, 1921; Gardner, W, 1923; Gardner, W, 1923; Gardner, W, 1926; Gardner, W, 1927; Gardner, W, 1947; Guilbert, G, 1979; Guilbert, G, 1981; Guilbert, G C, 1977; Guilbert, G C, 1978; Guilbert, G C, 1979; Guilbert, G C, 1979; Guilbert, G C, 1979; Guilbert, G C, 1979; Guilbert, G C, 1980; Guilbert, G C, 1981; Hughes, G, 1994; Lhuyd, E, 1699; Megaw, J V S, Megaw, M R & Trett, R, 1992; Pennant, T, 1883; RCAHM, 1914; Savory, H N, 1957; Savory, H N, 1957; Savory, H N, 1958; Savory, H N, 1959; Savory, H N, 1961; Savory, H N, 1965; Savory, H N, 1967; Savory, H N, 1969; Savory, H N, 1970; Savory, H N, 1971; Savory, H N, 1971; Savory, H N, 1976; Savory, H N, 1976; Savory, H N, 1980; Silvester, R J & Brassil, K S, 1991; Unknown, 1949;

Dyffryn Lane 'houses', Berriew, Powys

A pair of 'boat shaped house' cropmarks. Inconclusive excavations of 1983 but very similar to early medieval building footprint. (CPAT SMR PRN 5928)

Excavation Arnold, CJ & Reilly / 1983(/ /) -

Arnold, J A, Reilly, P & Arnold, C, 1983; Gibson, A, 1995; Reilly, P J, Arnold, J A & Arnold,C, 1983; Thomas, D, 1998;

Forden Gaer, aisled hall, Powys

Double post alignment, formerly thought to be prehistoric, but revealed by excavation to be post Roman aisled building (CPAT SMR PRN 4086)

Excavation CPAT / 1987(/ /) -

Blockley, K, 1987; Blockley, K, Owen, G & Owen, W, 1990; Britnell, W J, Martin, C H R & Hankinson, R, 2000; Crew, P, 1980; Thomas, D, 1998;

Hen Domen castle, building, Montgomery, Powys

Foundation of building 6.7 metres by 4.5 metres sealed by pre conquest ridge and furrow under castle rampart. (CPAT SMR PRN 50099)

Excavation Unknown / 1960ff(/ /) -

Barker, P A, 1969; Barker, P A, 1969; Barker, P A, 1970; Barker, P A, 1970; Barker, P A, 1971; Barker, P A & Higham, R, 1982; Barker, P A & Lawson, J, 1971; Britnell, W J, Martin, C H R & Hankinson, R, 2000; Higham, R & Barker, P, 2000; James, S, Marshall, A & Millett, M, 1984;

Llangors Crannog, Powys

Crannog of small stones revetted with piles and planks Historical association with the kings of Brycheiniog in the 8th century: In AD916 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the destruction of Brecananmere. Partial excavations in 1868 by Dumbleton yielded finds of animals bones, pottery, leather, bronze and a rubbing stone (all of which are now lost), extensive excavation University of Wales, Cardiff and National Museum of Wales dated to crannog to the 9th century AD with dendro date of AD859.

Excavation Dumbleton, E N / 1868-70(/ /) -

Excavation NMW/UoW / 1987-93(/ /) -

Burnham, H, 1995; Campbell, E, Lane, A & Redknap, M, 1990; Davies, J, 1999; Dumbleton, E N, 1870; Fox, C, 1926; Gaimster, D R M, Margeson, S & Barry, T, 1989; Gaimster, D R M, Margeson, S & Hurley, M, 1990; Lane, A & Campbell, E, 1988; Nenk, B S, Margeson, S & Hurley, M, 1991; Nenk, B S, Margeson, S & Hurley, M, 1992; Nenk, B S, Margeson, S & Hurley, M, 1993; RCAHMW, 1997; Redknap, M, 1991; Redknap, M, 1992; Redknap, M, 1993; Redknap, M, 2000; Redknap, M & Lane, A, 1994; Redknap, M, Campbell, E & Lane, A, 1989; Rees, S E, 1997; Sims-Williams, P, 1993; Thomas, C, 1994;

Monument (by form)

Offa's Dyke - Ffridd Road, Knighton , Powys

Section of dyke excavated 1976 showed bank to be of simple dump construction topped by progressively coarser material derived from ditch. (CPAT SMR PRN 17233)

Excavation CPAT / 1976(/ /) -

Allen, D , 1988 ; Silvester, R J , 1994 ;

Offa's Dyke - New Cut Argae, Llandrinio , Powys

Section through Offa's Dyke revealed during Argae rebuilding works by the NRA. C14 date of 52060BP

(Beta 96093) was obtained from a wood sample from the ditch fill. Environmental analysis indicated widespread oak and hazel forest in the vicinity of the catchment of the river Severn with a lesser component including heathers and herb pollen (CPAT SMR PRN 33874)

Excavation EAS / 1996(01/03/96) -

Brooks, I P , 1997 ; Engineering Archaeological Services Ltd , 1996 ; Engineering Archaeological Services Ltd , 1996 ;

Religious, Ritual and Funerary

Four Crosses Barrow Cemetery, site 2, Llandysilio, Powys

Remains of iron javelin and iron spearhead originally set upright in bronze age barrow. Probably C6th or C7th. Inserted inhumation opposite may be of similar date (CPAT SMR PRN 50528)

Excavation CPAT / 1984(/ /) -

Barford, P M, Owen, W G & Britnell, W J, 1986; Warrilow, W, Owen, G & Britnell, W, 1986;

Pennant Melangell Church, Llangynog, Powys

Evidence for pre-church activity includes a ditch running beneath the church and several early graves. 6th/8th century bead. C14 dates (CPAT SMR PRN 50678)

Britnell, B, 1990; Britnell, W J, 1994; Nenk, B S, Margeson, S & Hurley, M, 1991;

Tandderwen Cropmark Complex, Denbigh, Denbighshire

Series of square plan cropmark ditches shown to be early medieval barrow cemetery on excavation. C6th. C14 dates. Overlies bronze age cemetery

(CPAT SMR PRN 101905)

Excavation CPAT / 1987(/ /) -

Excavation CPAT / 1988(/ /) -

Brassil, K, 1985; Brassil, K, 1991; Brassil, K & Owen, W G, 1987; Brassil, K & Owen, W G, 1988; Brassil, K S & Meredith, P J, 1986; Brassil, K S & Meredith, P J, 1986; Brassil, K S, Owen, W G & Britnell, W J, 1991; Denison, S, 1999; Longley, D & Richards, A, 1999; Owen, W G, 1992;

Trelystan Round Barrows (Early Christian burials), Trewern, Powys

Five adult and two child inhumation graves (on eastern side of barrow I). No firm dating evidence but probably Early Christian (CPAT SMR PRN 50646)

Excavation CPAT / 1979(/ /) -

Britnell, W, 1982;

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