A Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales
Southeast Wales – Roman, key sites
22/12/2003
DEFENSIVE
(MILITARY WITHIN RAMPARTS)
BLAEN CWM BACH CAMP (SS79709878; SAM Gm 258)
Roman marching camp, 908m x 295m (see RCAHM
l.ii, 99 (739))
COELBREN (SN86201025; SAM Gm 343)
Marching camp c 440m x c 320m, rounded
corners, entrances destroyed, wet (peaty)
interior (see RCAHM l.ii, 99
(738))
MELIN COURT CAMP (SN837001; SAM GM 367)
Roman marching camp. Only about three-fifths of the perimeter can
be traced. It is approximately square, with
sides varying in length from 203m to 239m.
PENYCOEDCAE (ST06708800)
Pen-y-Coedcae Roman marching camp; third largest in Wales. The
camp is typical 'playing card' shape with
straight sides 478m x 320m in length with rounded corners, enclosing an
area of 15.2 hectares (see RCAHM l.ii, 99 (740))
PRIORY WOOD, CAERLEON (ST35919051)
Part of a marching camp seen on aerial photographs; limited
assessment in 1993.
TWYN Y BRIDDALLT (STOO159820, SAM Gm 259)
Roman marching camp of irregular shape' and about 16 acres in
area. The site has not been planted over and remains in good condition (see RCAHM
l.ii, 99 (741)).
CAERLEON (ISCA)
(ST33909060; SAM MM14)
Legionary base of II Augusta occupied late lst
- late 3rd and in reduced form into 4th century.
Excavated from 19th Century onwards (see Boon 1972 (revised 1987)
for overview, and subsequently Zienkiewicz 1986 a & b; 1990, 1993).
Extensive areas in western half scheduled, eastern area is more developed. Some parts in
guardianship and displayed.
Finds and report archives held at Legionary Museum.
USK
(BURRIUM) (SO37520069)
Invasion base occupied by XX Valeria Victrix,
possibly brigaded with an ala. Extensive excavations
in the central part (Manning 1981, 1989, 1993), smaller areas in the northern third
(Evans & Metcalfe 1992; Marvell 1990, 1996), and minor observations
elsewhere (Manning 1981, 1989; Marvell & Maynard 1998). Southern part includes extensive scheduled areas.
Finds and report archives held at Legionary Museum
in Caerleon
ABERGAVENNY (SO29701420; SAM Mm 193)
Roman auxiliary fort occupied for mid 1st
century to early second. Small-scale excavations from 1960s (see Blockley
1993). Finds and archives in Abergavenny Museum.
CARDIFF CASTLE (ST18067659 SAM Gm 171)
Occupied mid 1st to 4th
centuries. Four forts, earliest is a pre-Flavian invasion base; latest
is 'Saxon shore' type. Excavations in 1970s (Webster 1990) Finds and archivesat NMGW.
CAERPHILLY (ST15388729)
Roman auxiliary fort occupied lst-2nd century.
Limited excavations in early 1960s (Lewis 1966). Finds and archive at
NMGW.
COELBREN (SN85901073; SAM Gm 146)
Fully Extant Roman Fort occupied late 1st
to mid 2nd century. Well-defined annexe. Other external
features. Limited excavation in early 20th century (Morgan 1970), more recent
non-intrusive survey (Yates 2001). Waterlogged site. Finds and archives at Swansea Museum.
GELLIGAER FORT (ST13419707, SAM Gm 16)
Roman auxiliary fort, multi-period occupation
and rebuilding, separate Flavian timber-constructed base. Well-defined annexe.
The site now lies in the middle of Gelligaer village, mostly in a field but
partly under gardens, houses and a road. Excavated 1899-1913 (Ward 1903, 1909, 1911,
1913). Finds and archive at NMGW.
LOUGHOR (LEUCARUM) (SS564979)
Roman fort occupied late 1st to
mid 2nd century AD with re-occupations in late 2nd and late 3rd
to early 4th centuries. Mid- 2nd century reduction.
Discovered during excavations at later Castle (Lewis 1969), later excavations across defences
and in south-western
interior (Ling & Ling 1973 & 1979; Marvell & Owen-John 1997). Finds
and archives in Swansea Museum and NMGW (main body of material)
NEATH (NIDUM)
(SS74749773; SAM Gm 215)
Roman auxiliary fort occupied 1st
-early/mid 2nd Century with re-occupations in later 2nd
and late 3rd/early 4th century. Original discovery and
excavations in 1949 (Nash- Williams 1950 &
1952), further excavations across defences in 1958 and within in interior in 1984-5 and 1989 (Heywood
& Marvell 1992). Finds and archive in Neath Museum.
PENYDARREN FORT (SO05030678)
A Roman auxiliary fort built on a spur of
ground overlooking the Morlais Valley in Penydarren Park, occupied during the 1st and
2nd centuries, up to c!40 AD. Found during construction work at the end of the
18th century. Limited excavations in 20th century (Heywood 1991).
Some finds and archives at Cyfarthfa Castle Museum
USK (SO37520069)
Flavio-Trajanic base at Usk. A works depot
for the II Augusta seems more likely than
a small fort or fortlet (See
Manning 1989; Marvell 1996)
FFOREST GWLADYS PRACTICE CAMP (A) (ST13799917; SAM Gm 164)
One of two rectangular earthworks 530m SSW of
Heol-ddu-uchaf, Gelligaer (see RCAHMl.ii, 103(749)
FFOREST GWLADYS PRACTICE CAMP (B) (ST13869916;
SAM Gm 164)
One of two rectangular earthworks 530m SSW of
Heol-ddu-uchaf, Gelligaer, with a bank and external ditch (see RCAHM
l.ii, 101 (750))
FFOREST GWLADYS ROMAN EARTHWORKS (ST13159908; SAM Gm 273)
Rectangular earthwork, with banks. Clavicula entrance in south side. The
site lies below the top of
the Gelligaer ridge in marshy ground (see RCAHM l.ii, 103 (747))
GELLIGAER PRACTICE CAMP (ST13159943)
There is a trace of a gateway in the middle
of the west side, but no clavicula or
titulum is visible. The east side is almost
obliterated (see RCAHM l.ii, 103 (748))
GELLIGAER COMMON (ST11619862)
There is another supposed Roman practice camp on Gelligaer Common.
Gates are identifiable in the northwest and
southeast sides. The camp is in a very poor condition, (see RCAHM l.ii, 101 (746))
MYNYDD
CARN GOCH ROMAN EARTHWORKS
(SS60779718; SAM Gm269A)
Square camp (23m) defined by slight bank and
traces of a ditch (see RCAHM 1 .ii, 101 (743))
MYNYDD
CARN GOCH ROMAN
EARTHWORKS (SS60869719; SAM
Gm269B)
Square camp (25m) defined by slight bank, (see RCAHM l.ii, 101
(744))
STAFFORD COMMON (SS59149731; SAM GM 502)
Rectangular enclosure 53m x 46m, defined by
slight bank. No sign of entrance (see RCAHMl.ii, 101(742))
HIRFYNYDD (SN82840663; SAM Gm 274)
Rectangular earthwork (19.5 x 18.3m) with
rounded corners and external ditch. Single
entrance in middle of southeast
side.
RHEOLA(SN81240401)
Damaged earthwork, partly excavated
Other Military (undefended - see also vicus below)
GELLIGAER PARADE GROUND (ST13479713)
A level area some 116m long adjoining the northeast side of the
fort
CAERLEON PARADE GROUND (ST33689043)
Legionary fortress enclosure on southwest side
revealed occupation military in character.
[Suggested Forts - TREDUNNOC CHURCH (ST3 80948) vestigial
traces (?earthwork) immediately south, west
and southwest of church; COED-Y-CAERAU (ST37959163; SAM Mm 42) square earthwork with an entrance c.5ft from the middle
of the northwest side; COWBRIDGE (7BOMIUM) (SS99447484) suggested site of the
Roman auxiliary fort named 'Bomium' , alternative locations at SS89257861 (Ewenny Park) SS90457815 (Glanwenny);
TWYN YR ALLT (ST244844) artificial escarpment
and local tradition of there having been a 'Roman camp' , desk-top assessment
in 1991 (OAA);
CRAIG OLWAY FARM(SO38600060) probable Roman fort, no ditch but outlined solely
by a double line of
individual pestholes 2m apart, PRIORY WOOD CAMP (ST36149074) possible extension/annexe of an earlier identified undated
enclosure (see marching camps above); LITTLE GAB ALFA /
LLYS-TAL-Y-BONT (ST1778) oral tradition).]
DOMESTIC
(MILITARY OUTSIDE RAMPARTS, CIVIL URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENT OR BUILDINGS
CAERLEON CANNABAE (ST335901)
The civilian settlement surrounding the
Roman legionary fortress; see Evans 2000 for most recent work including extensive excavations on eastern
side of fortress and a summary of overall
understanding. Finds and archives from work are at the Legionary Museum and Newport Museum.
CARDIFF (ST181764)
Extra-mural activity relating to Forts II
and III took place (at least in part) on land that later formed the southern portion of the
Shore Fort. The north-south road appears to have
provided the axis for the civilian settlement, initially consisting of houses (possibly of strip building type), and later
giving way to industry, in which iron smelting
and perhaps tile production was of primary importance. Stray finds have also
been recovered from the High Street and off Womanby Street.
COELBREN (SN859107)
Recent survey work (Yates (2001) has
identified geophysical anomalies outside the fort and eastern annexe and a building
300m to the south of the defences, close to the line of the road to Neath. This
structure has morphological similarities with barrack-like buildings
situated within a walled compound excavated at Holt in Denbighshire, where the workers at
a military works-depot were housed (Grimes 1930; Nash-Williams 1969, 42-4,
Fig. 16).
GELLIGAER (ST1341970)
A civilian settlement relating to the
Flavian fort is believed to lie below the later stone fort. This would have
been relocated in the early 2nd century. Various elements of this later vicus are known. In addition to the
parade ground and bathhouse, there were other buildings with a possible industrial
function located to the southeast of the fort later incorporated into an annexe.
Other extra-mural remains include a tile and pottery kiln, which was
probably associated with the construction phase of the stone fort's internal buildings
and elsewhere there would have been mortuary zones.
LOUGHOR (SS564979)
Given the location of the fort in relation to
the River Loughor, the vicus must
have been
located to the east, north-east or south-east of the defences, although the
harbour (probably just consisting of a beaching point) and any associated
structures may have lain to the west. A significant number of isolated finds
and other discoveries have been made in the environs of the fort. A 'cist' and a
possible pottery kiln have both been found east of the fort, and were probably
located alongside the road leading towards Neath.
NEATH (SS74829791)
Evidence for a vicus has been found to the north and west of the fort from chance finds (Heywood &
Marvell 1992 and more recently during assessments carried out in the 1990s. Structures
include a possible mansio to the west
of the fort a complex of buildings with an apparently industrial function,
probably stretching along a corridor adjacent to the road leaving the fort's
north gate). Elsewhere, earth-cut features, which perhaps represented
the remains of timber buildings, have been discovered to the southeast of the
fort through a geophysical survey.
PENYDARREN (SO05030678)
Roman
finds have been
made both to
the north and
south of the defences.
Immediately to the south of the fort several
substantial buildings were discovered, including the bathhouse. On the opposite, north, side of
the fort, there is evidence for at least one other structure, known from the find of a mosaic pavement.
To the northeast of the fort cremation burials
indicate the position of one of the mortuary areas.
[The evidence for vici in Southeast Wales is currently being reviewed as part of
project being undertaken by GGAT for Cadw]
GLAN Y MOR / COLD KNAP (ST09936648; SAM Gm
419)
Roman courtyard building, possibly a mansio (see Evans et al 1985)
CWRT HERBERT (SS74649778)
Roman building late 1st/early 2nd century
possible residence or mansio outside
the fort at Neath.
CAERWENT (VENTA
SILURUM) (ST468905; SAM Mml)
Roman Town occupied 2nd-4th century,
principal market. Early ribbon development including workshops. Forum established under
Hadrian. Completion of insulae (20) by later second/early
third century. Stone defences added late third/early fourth century, later strengthened by addition of
projecting interval towers. More opulent building
construction in late third/fourth centuries. Survival into first half of fifth century. Various excavations since late 19th
century, most recently by NMGW (Brewer
1990, 1993) on the forum and forum-temple. Extensive areas scheduled or in guardianship
and displayed. Finds and archives at NMGW and Newport Museum.
BULMORE (ST355915; SAM Mm 176)
Ribbon settlement along banks of River Usk to
southeast of Caerleon. Occupation extends from lst-3rd
centuries and includes funerary, domestic, industrial, religious and transport
remains. Partly excavated by GGAT/NMGW in 1980s (unpublished), full extent more
recently established following remote sensing surveys and field evaluation works
(see esp. MacDonald forthcoming)
COWBRIDGE (? BOMIUM) (SS995745)
Small town on A48. The remains mostly lie
under medieval burgages with the exception of extensive industrial activity
under Bear Field. Military connections present. Remains included funerary, domestic, industrial,
religious and transport. Occupation extends
from very late 1st to 4th centuries. Various parts
excavated in 1970s and 1980s (see
Parkhouse and Evans 1996). Finds and archives with Cowbridge Museum.
MONMOUTH (BLESTIUM)
(SO511127)
Evidence of civil settlement (with possible
military antecedent) survives in places below medieval town. Occupation extends from late lst-4th
centuries. Extensive ironworking and other
remains attested along Monnow Street (Marvell 2001). Finds and archives with Monmouth Museum.
USK (SO37520069)
Extensive settlement across southern parts of
fortress following closure of Flavio-Trajanic works depot. Full details remain unpublished
but see Manning (1989). Occupation extends into 4th century and appears
to have imperial/military Connections. Some fragmentary remains identified to the
south of the fortress (Marvell & Maynard 1998)
*
Chance finds and burials along Hereford road indicate possible
settlement location.
CARDIFF (ST1876)
See evidence for possible vicus above; other
chance finds (coins and pottery) at (ST179747), (ST180763) (ST18107640) and (ST183766) point to
possible settlement extending south and
west.
CHEPSTOW (ST534940)
Chance finds of coins and pottery at (ST53289377) (ST53519356)
(ST53529344) (ST53569425) and (ST536939) along with three Roman cremations,
(ST536942) and building material
incorporated into the fabric of the later castle indicate possibility of
settlement below present town at major river confluence.
LOWER MACHEN (ST22758773)
Extensive area of activity associated with
metalworking confirmed by geophysical survey, metal-detecting finds and limited
excavations. Occupation runs from late 1st to 2nd
centuries (see Evans 2001)
PORTSKEWETT (ST49988807 & ST 500881)
Evidence of settlement indicated by the presence of pits, gullies,
shallow banks and a fragment of sandstone wall, together with finds of opus
signinum, brick, tile, tegula, various
styles of pottery, animal bones and flint.
CASTLE TUMP (ST47539115; SAM Mml52)
Roman villa site excavated in the latter half
of the 19th century. Unpublished, but a plan
was deposited at NMGW.
CROES-CARN-EINION VILLA, BASSELEG (ST25758636)
Two buildings visible as cropmarks, one appears to be an aisled
building, the other a possible winged villa building. Field visit in 1992
identified a third possible structure not
seen on aerial photos.
DAN-Y-GRAIG (SS84037803)
Site of a Roman villa, partly excavated in the
19th century and surveyed by magnetometry and resistivity in 1989. Partial
excavation revealed eight phases of activity, mostly dating between the mid 3rd and mid 4th
centuries (Newman 1990). Finds and archive
with NMGW.
E LY RACE COURSE VILLA (ST14727615; SAM Gm
205)
Villa excavated by Wheeler (1922; see also RCAHMW ii 115-119
(762)). The initial construction of
Buildings 1 & 2 took place in the first half of the second century, partly rebuilt in the third century. Finds and
archive with NMGW.
FIVE LANES VILLA, LLANVACHES (ST44609100)
Remains of high-status Roman building, comprising of a small
winged corridor villa, the long axis of
which runs north to south, the southern end being only some 10m from the northern side of the A48 Newport to
Chepstow road 2km west of Caerwerit.
FORD FARM ROMAN VILLA (ST38458952)
This site comprises a large prominent earthwork damaged by illicit
trenching in 2001. A variety of building
material was seen in the topsoil of lst-4th century date,
plus human remains indicating burial activity. The site has been
scheduled.
LITTLE HADNOCK ROMAN VILLA (SO536152; SAM
Mml95)
2" 13th century building complex. Some evidence
for metal-working
LLANDOUGH (SS9972)
Site of Roman Villa on Iron Age precursor partially
excavated (Owen-John 1988).
LLANBETHERY (ST03557023)
Site of Roman villa suggested from rubble
layer identified during trial excavation, with finds of pottery of late 2" -4th century,
roof and box tile, nails and slag, animal bone.
Coin hoard nearby. Geophysical survey in 1999 revealed no certain evidence for buildings within double-ditched enclosure
(see Evans 2001).
LLANTWIT MAJOR (CAERMEAD) (SS95886998; SAM Gm
20)
Large, fully Romanised villa with a
complicated structural history between the 2nd-4th century and possibly
built on the site of an earlier Iron Age farmstead. Ultimately of double-courtyard plan. Periodically excavated during 20th
century. Finds and archives with
NMGW and NMR (see esp Nash-Williams 1953; RCAHM lii 111-114 (758)).
LOWER HOUSE FARM WEST, LLANTWIT MAJOR
(SS96466798)
Building in rectilinear enclosure; possible
villa.
LLANMIHANGAEL PEN-Y-BRYN FARM (SS98407114)
Ploughing has unearthed blocks of dressed
limestone, presumably from walls, fragments of roofing slabs and tiles, lumps of ironstone and iron
slag, and pottery of 2-4th
century date, together with flints, medieval pottery and glass slag.
MOULTON (ST07416963; SAM Gm 253)
Complex including Romanised building of ?lst-4th
century date. An oval mound is presumably the site of the building but it
exhibits no sign of a structure (see RCAHM lii 114 (759)).
NEW MILL FARM, MONKNASH (SS91156980)
A mound approximately 65m long, 25m wide and
50-60cm has produced late Iron Age type pottery, 2nd-3rd
century coarseware, samian and pennant sandstone tiles; additional concentration of similar material to southwest.
Geophysical survey carried out by Stratascan
in 1999 suggested rectangular building or buildings within enclosure (see Evans
2001).
PORTSKEWETT (ST49818874; SAM Mm 19)
A high status building has been found, not excavated.
STOOP HILL ROMAN VILLA (ST483874, SAM Mml69)
Square ditched enclosure of the type that
surrounds a house. A broad inner and narrow
outer ditch defines most of two sides of an enclosure
that measures 175ft northwest to southeast.
WHITTON LODGE ROMAN VILLA (ST08117133; SAM
Gm252)
Roman Villa near Whitton Lodge, discovered in
1956. Excavation has shown that there were ten phases
of occupation between the later 1st century and c340 AD, and that the site developed
from a round house settlement into a villa (Jarret & Wrathmell 1981; see
also RCAHM Hi 114-117(761))
WYNDCLIFF, PORTHCASSEG (ST5296)
Rectangular building with two corridors
identified from aerial photos, with a boundary ditch. Geophysical survey in 1999, has added detail to
aerial photographic plot (see Evans 2001).
Less
Romanised Settlements ('Farmsteads')
ABERTHIN (STO1537530)
Finds included sherds of Roman British date.
In the same field one field scraper, and other pieces of flint with signs of
retouching were found.
BARRY CASTLE (ST10106721)
Trenching during building operations in 1956 yielded evidence of
Roman occupation beneath
the castle. Roman tiles and tufa blocks were excavated.
BIGLIS FARM (ST14206940)
Agricultural settlement of three phases, occupied lst-4* century. Excavated
(Parkhouse 1988).
CALDICOT CAERWENT QUARRIES (ST48168720)
Excavated in late 1970s Vyner (1988).
CWM BARRY (ST098674)
Remains of two hearths, a fragment of tegula,
window glass, pottery, and animal bone; the sites lie within the landscaped
grounds of Porthkerry Country Park. There are no visible remains.
GLEBE FARM (ST08076667)
Roman settlement identified by geophysical survey following finds
of a Roman coin and potsherd, possibly with an Iron Age predecessor.
Geophysical survey in 2001 identified part
of the enclosure and other anomalies (see Evans 2001).
GREAT PENCARN FARM (ST28108360)
A large stone surface of Roman date identified in evaluation
excavations below Great Pencarn Farm. The southern part of the
surface is probably an external yard, and the northern part may lie within a building. Finds indicate
late 2nd-4th century use. (Yates 2000)
GREAT PENCARN FARM EAST (ST 28808355)
Stone spreads, features and associated finds
found during assessment work.
HOME FARM GREEN (ST32749090)
Site of a mosaic found in 1940, since moved to
a house known as Pollards Well, probably from a funerary building in
Lodge Hill Cemetery.
HOPKINS MOUNT, SWANBRIDGE (ST171678)
Square enclosure with rounded edges, visible
as a cropmark, suggested Romano-British farmstead or a coastal fortlet.
IFTON MANOR (ST46508795)
Roman pottery associated with east-west cist
grave, recent excavation in advance of
development.
LITTLE GREAVE, WENVOE (ST124732)
Large mound with traces of adjoining
enclosure(s) was noted, surface disturbance
produced pottery of 2nd-3rd
century and fragments of roofing tiles.
LLANFRYNACH (SS98037465)
The site of a Romano-British farmstead. A possible enclosure bank and earthworks which
may imply structural remains have been found, and much RB pottery.
LLANGYBI WALKS (ST383977)
Possible Roman villa/building complex identified on aerial photos.
MAIN STREET, CADOXTON (ST133692)
Roman drystone building and other features,
dating between 2nd-4th centuries. Two late 2" century
silver coins were found in 1968, together with late Iron Age pottery and iron slag.
MYNYDD BYCHAN (SS96307560; SAM Gm76)
Small rural settlement of three phases: the
first extends into the mid/late 1st century.
NURSTON (ST056676)
Near Nurston, west of Cardiff Airport,
ploughing in 1956-1957 unearthed Roman-British pottery and iron clinker and an
occupation soil and rubble containing lst-4th century pottery. Trial work in 2000
revealed some features and further finds (Evans 2001).
OAKLANDS FARM 1, FIVE LANES (ST44899140)
Roman building and enclosures identified on
aerial photos.
PEN Y LAN ROMAN SITE (ST198788, SAM Gm 296)
Occupation layer visible on edge of disused quarry, with
indications of walls beneath the surface.
Roman pottery has been recovered from the site. Site is in an area of waste ground, much overgrown.
PENCOEDTRE WOOD, BARRY (ST127705)
Sherds of pottery found with evidence
suggesting the collapsed remains of two roundhouses though it is possible that
the features may have belonged to the post-Roman period.
PENRHOS FARM, CAERLEON (ST34209180)
Structural remains of Roman building
POP HILL (ST15906998)
Building on Pop Hill with Roman pottery, 2nd-4th
century, now without trace.
ROGIET (ST45608770)
Roman building of two phases identified
during evaluation excavation and subsequent
watching-brief associated coin hoard in adjacent
field
THORNWELL FARM (ST53909160)
Farmstead and associated fragmentary field
system excavated ahead of housing development (Hughes 1996).
WELL ROAD, EAST ABERTHAW (ST03436670)
Roman building(s) of lst-4t century date.
PORTHKERRY BULWARKS (ST08206630; SAM Gm 29)
Roman finds in IA hillfort (Davies 1973a).
SUDBROOK CAMP (ST50558732; SAM Mm 48)
Roman occupation evidence in IA hillfort (see Nash-Williams 1939,
Sell 2001).
CAE SUMMERHOUSE (SS86397798; Gml02)
Embanked and ditched rectangular enclosure representing the
remains of a farmstead, with finds
indicating intensive lst-4th century occupation (Davies
1973b).
LLANMELIN WOOD CAMP (ST46109257)
Mm 24) Roman finds in IA hillfort (Nash-Williams 1933).
CAER DYNNAF (SS98357427)
Occupation evidence inside Caer Dynnaf Iron
Age hillfort situated on Llanblethian Hill, interpreted as a possible group of
small farmsteads. Excavations confirmed a Roman date, with earlier, Iron Age, activity
beneath.
[Scatters of finds, particularly pottery
collections at MERTHYR MAWR WARREN (SS86037694), SUDBROOK FORESHORE
(ST49948682), MAGOR PILL FORESHORE (ST438843), GOLDCLIFF (ST370826), BEAUVILLE
(ST135722), MINORCA 1, MICHAELSTONE-Y-FEDW
(ST23 898600), ST ANDREWS (ST14506940), MAGOR PILL FARM (ST435850), LLANMARTIN (ST396897), PENTRE MEYRJCK ROAD, LLANGAN
(SS96977758), BEDWIN SANDS (ST448845), NEWHOUSE FARM, MATHERN (ST530912), CRICK
LANE, PORTSKEWETT (ST49538848), ST
BRIDES GREAT WHARF (ST300815), LEECHPOOL (ST50588897), GOLDCLIFF (ST370820), GOLDCLIFF PILL (ST368820), MAGOR PILL
(ST455855), CHAPELTUMP (ST445850), PETERSTONE GREAT WHARF (ST274799),
HOWICK FARM (ST5095), ST ANDREWS (ST14306930), DINAS POWYS (ST150708), SULLY
CASTLE (ST152683), REDLANDS, LLANHARRY
(ST01438053), WENVOE VILLAGE (ST123724), 87 & 89 BLACK OAK ROAD, CYNCOED
(ST191819), THE DROPE, MICHAELSTON-SUPER-ELY (ST11657602), WHITTON (ST081721), PENMARK (ST056676), CASTLE DITCHES, LLANCARFAN (ST05907002), CAERAU (ST13357500),
BARRY PARADE GARDENS (ST10566677),
BARRY ISLAND (ST115666), ST ANDREWS (ST14306950) FONMON HOME FARM HOME FIELD (ST04496724), ROMILLY PARK, BARRY
(ST10186693), MODEL FARM (ST08106755), WOODHOUSES (ST04856850),
FONT-Y-GARY (ST04546621), CWM BARRY (ST101674),
CWM-NANT-YR-ODYN (ST18679540), NANTGARW-MARGAM PIPELINE (ST07518318) & (ST10468463), LLANCADLE SOUTH
(ST03756800), RADYR (ST132806), RHOOSE AIRPORT (ST06506715), WELSH ST
DON ATS (ST02007520), KEN SON SOUTH (ST052684),
ABERAVON SANDS (SS72849108) , LANGSTONE PARISH CHURCH (ST37138915), TREDEGAR HOUSE, NEWPORT
(ST28738525), WOODHOUSES (ST05006825), ST
MICHAEL'S CHURCH, MICHAELSTON-SUPER-ELY (ST11517635), CWM-CIDY (ST08786733),
PORT ROAD (ST04306660), LLANWERN (ST369880), ST ANDREW'S MINOR CHURCH (SS92817342) and Coin Hoards at PYLE AND
KENFIG GOLFCOURSE (SS8080), MORLAIS
VILLA (SO03280805), (SANDY BAY, NEWTON (SS82607654), KENFIG BURROWS (SS7880),
BLAEN CRYMLYN COIN HOARD (SS94188540), WENTWOOD MILL (ST43829618), LLANEDEYRN (ST 199813), BONVILSTON (ST0674),
ABERKENFIG COIN HOARD / CEFN GLAS
(SS89208318), NEWCASTLE (SS90617979), BOVERTON (ST0069), SULLY COIN HOARD, TRADITIONAL LOCATION (ST14486846), HENDREW
FARM (ST39859150) may indicate the presence of other settlements nearby.
Some prehistoric sites have also produced Roman pottery]
DINAS POWYS COMMON (ST151708)
An area approximately 130m square on south
slope of common covered in grass-grown depressions, some 20m. square, 5m.
deep. Underlying limestone shows through grass. Replotted from aerial
photographs in 1999 (see Evans 2001).
GOLDCLIFF (ST370820)
Banks and ditches defining field system to
west of settlement found during evaluation works and further monitoring during watching-brief - late IA to
late Roman C14 dates, a few finds (Locock 1998; Locock & Walker 1998. •
SALTMARSH, CALDICOT LEVEL (ST3282)
Banks and ditches with 2nd-3rd
century pottery found during watching-brief.
NASH WASTE WATER TREATMENT WORKS (ST337840)
Field
system, Roman occupation suggested
from the evaluation excavation
of agricultural
features, including a buried soil horizon and ditches, containing deposits of pottery, animal
bone, stone and fired clay.
Palaeochannels containing Romano-british deposits also identified (see
Beasley and Meddens 2001).
RUMNEY GREAT WHARF (ST2679)
Ditch system in foreshore associated with
fragmentary site remains (Allen & Fulford 1986, Fulford et al
1994, Rippon 1996), by extrapolation claims have been advanced that the central part of the Wentlooge
Level (especially around Peterstone) comprises a relict Roman reclaimed system of fields and drainage
ditches.
YSGUBORCH FARM (ST13377190)
Originally recorded as part of GGATs East
Vale Survey in early 1980s and thought to
be medieval. Now thought to be
Roman (Evans 2001) given morphological similarities
of enclosures to those on Dinas Powys Common that surround huts. [Field systems are also attested'at
some of the villa and farmstead sites listed earlier]
CAERLEON ROMAN BRIDGE (ST34189038)
Two centurial stones found in c 193 5 near
the Hanbury Arms may have come from the abutment(s) of a nearby bridge. One is decorated, and has an
inscription translated as The Century of Valerius Flavus in the Second Cohort
[built this]'.
STRIGUIL BRIDGE (ST53159477)
The suggested site of a Roman bridge.
BLACKPILL (SS619907)
Single-arched bridge, said to be Roman
(doubtful).
SLUVAD FARM (ST326973)
Possible ford for Roman road, identified
during the cutting of a pipe trench. No further archaeological deposits were
noted.
East-west route from Caerwent and Caerleon to Carmarthen (the
majority of which is described in Iter XII).
North-south route (much following the Usk
valley), linking the military sites at Caerleon, Usk, Abergavenny and
Brecon).
North-south route connecting the military
sites at Cardiff, Caerphilly, Gelligaer, Penydarren and Brecon.
Northeast-southwest route connecting the
military sites of Neath, Coelbren and Brecon.
[The evidence for the Roman road system in
Southeast Wales is currently being reviewed as part of project being
undertaken by GGAT for Cadw]
SS74859682 a fragmentary milestone of Diocletian (AD 284-905) was
found in 1892 at Melin Crythan on the line of the Roman road, about 1 mile
south of Neath. Now in NMW (Ace no 92.64);
SS75648898, SAM Gm 40; SS78348733, SS82698222 Quadrangular milestone, 46ins high, 14ins narrowing to Sins wide at the
top; SS81608485.
NANT Y MILWYR / CAERLEON AQUEDUCT (ST328918)
Postulated Roman aqueduct channelling water from the Dowlais Brook
to the fortress at Caerleon.
BARLAND'S FARM BOAT (ST404865)
Roman boat built of oak, seemingly deliberately placed in a
palaeochannel next to a bridge/jetty, which continued to be maintained
afterwards, to stabilise the river edge. Its
original dimensions are estimated to have been cl 1.4 x 3.2 x .8m (see Nayling
et al 1994) and Nayling & McGrail
(forthcoming).
Quays
CAERLEON ROMAN QUAY (ST33539017)